# Create scatterplot
fig = px.scatter(years_df,
x='year',
y='percent_unobligated',
title='Percent Unobligated by Year (September Data)',
labels={'year': 'Year', 'percent_unobligated': 'Percent Unobligated'})
fig.show()September Unobligated Spending Analysis
Data corrected on 2026-11-06
Earlier versions of the FY2018 to FY2025 data had four errors. Each workbook’s accounts were labelled with the first agency in it. Duplicate downloads and the DEFC workbooks repeated accounts. Allocation accounts were added into their parents. And total budgetary resources (line 2500) was called “budget authority”. All four are fixed, and this page was rebuilt from the corrected data.
On this page the yearly percentages barely moved, by at most 0.06 percentage points (2025: 1.24% before, 1.18% now), because the repeated rows inflated the unobligated balance and the resources together. The agency, bureau and account lists changed more. Before the fix, Military Personnel and Military Construction accounts were listed under Homeland Security, and the 2025 account outlier list had 20 entries, not the 13 it has now.
Total budgetary resources, in billions of dollars, before and after:
| Fiscal year | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 29,843 | 7,461 |
| 2019 | 31,273 | 7,818 |
| 2020 | 54,012 | 12,261 |
| 2021 | 55,986 | 12,932 |
| 2022 | 47,481 | 11,629 |
| 2023 | 13,504 | 11,977 |
| 2024 | 12,757 | 12,032 |
| 2025 | 12,717 | 13,271 |
What the totals cover. The yearly summaries keep only accounts for which OMB’s report has both a line 2490 row (unobligated balance) and a line 2500 row (total budgetary resources). Accounts with no line 2490 row are left out. A few accounts each year have a line 2490 but no line 2500 row, and are left out too. So a total here is the total for accounts that report an unobligated balance, not for every account in the SF-133. Financing accounts are included. In FY2025 that leaves out 526 accounts, 147 of them with nonzero total budgetary resources worth $264.9B. The largest is 97-0040 Payment to Military Retirement Fund ($154.4B), whose raw workbook has no line 2490 row. The Hugging Face dataset keeps every account.
| Fiscal year | Accounts in the totals | Total budgetary resources in the totals (billions of dollars) | Accounts left out | Of those, with nonzero resources | Their resources (billions of dollars) | Financing accounts in the totals (billions of dollars) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2018 | 7,497 | 7,460.7 | 456 | 115 | 133.4 | 383.5 |
| FY2019 | 7,541 | 7,818.2 | 436 | 120 | 162.4 | 361.5 |
| FY2020 | 7,824 | 12,260.9 | 433 | 111 | 151.8 | 1,313.1 |
| FY2021 | 8,006 | 12,931.7 | 448 | 115 | 187.2 | 1,286.9 |
| FY2022 | 8,203 | 11,629.0 | 475 | 117 | 208.2 | 792.9 |
| FY2023 | 8,350 | 11,977.2 | 516 | 138 | 213.1 | 794.2 |
| FY2024 | 8,528 | 12,032.2 | 520 | 140 | 309.3 | 470.8 |
| FY2025 | 8,693 | 13,271.2 | 526 | 147 | 264.9 | 721.7 |
Totals are for the latest month in each year. The full list of what changed is in the README, and the interactive site carries the same notice.
Year-over-Year Analysis (2018-2025)
September data for accounts expiring in each respective year.
2025 Outlier Analysis
An entity’s unobligated share is its September balance (line 2490) divided by its total budgetary resources (line 2500), for accounts that expire in that year. It is an outlier when its share is high against the others that year (z-score above 0, false discovery rate of 5%). Entities with resources below $100M (agencies), $50M (bureaus) or $10M (accounts) are left out. The “Higher Than Average” lists are the top candidates that sit above their own 2018 to 2024 average, or have no history.
print(f"Historical Context:")
print(f"• 2018-2024 Average: {historical_data['avg_2018_2024']:.1f}% unobligated")
print(f"• Previous High: {historical_data['previous_high']:.1f}% unobligated")
print(f"• 2025: {years_df[years_df['year'] == 2025]['percent_unobligated'].iloc[0]:.1f}% unobligated")
print(f"\nNote: * indicates historical averages based on fewer than 7 years of data")
print(f"N/A indicates this entity was not found in historical data (new or renamed entity)")Historical Context:
• 2018-2024 Average: 3.2% unobligated
• Previous High: 6.5% unobligated
• 2025: 1.2% unobligated
Note: * indicates historical averages based on fewer than 7 years of data
N/A indicates this entity was not found in historical data (new or renamed entity)Agency Level
Outliers:
if len(agency_outliers) > 0:
print("Agencies with Outlier High Unobligated Spending:")
display(agency_outliers)
else:
print("No outliers at agency level")Agencies with Outlier High Unobligated Spending:| % Unobligated 2025 | 2018-2024 Avg (%) | Previous High (%) | Total resources ($B) | Z-Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agency | |||||
| International Assistance Programs | 22.5 | 1.2* | 3.3* | 24.3 | 4.11 |
Higher Than Average (not outliers):
if len(agency_notable) > 0:
print("Agencies Higher Than Average but Not Outliers:")
display(agency_notable)
else:
print("No agencies higher than average")Agencies Higher Than Average but Not Outliers:| % Unobligated 2025 | 2018-2024 Avg (%) | Previous High (%) | Total resources ($B) | Z-Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agency | |||||
| U.S. Agency for Global Media | 12.8 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 2.09 |
| General Services Administration | 12.8 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 0.4 | 2.07 |
| National Science Foundation | 12.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 2.05 |
| Department of Housing and Urban Development | 10.5 | 2.6 | 4.3 | 1.2 | 1.60 |
| Department of State | 10.0 | 2.2 | 4.8 | 14.9 | 1.50 |
| Commodity Futures Trading Commission | 6.7 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.79 |
| Department of Transportation | 6.5 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 6.0 | 0.76 |
| Department of Commerce | 5.6 | 3.3 | 13.0 | 2.3 | 0.58 |
| Executive Office of the President | 4.5 | 3.3 | 5.4 | 0.6 | 0.35 |
| Intelligence Community Management Account | 3.3 | 3.1 | 8.9 | 0.7 | 0.09 |
Bureau Level
Outliers:
if len(bureau_outliers) > 0:
print("Bureaus with Outlier High Unobligated Spending:")
display(bureau_outliers)
else:
print("No outliers at bureau level")Bureaus with Outlier High Unobligated Spending:| % Unobligated 2025 | 2018-2024 Avg (%) | Previous High (%) | Total resources ($B) | Z-Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bureau | |||||
| Department of Commerce | Minority Business Development Agency | 67.6 | 4.3 | 18.1 | 0.1 | 7.58 |
| Department of State | International Organizations and Conferences | 54.6 | 3.8 | 18.7 | 1.7 | 6.04 |
| International Assistance Programs | Agency for International Development | 43.8 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 7.6 | 4.75 |
Higher Than Average (not outliers):
if len(bureau_notable) > 0:
print("Bureaus Higher Than Average but Not Outliers:")
display(bureau_notable)
else:
print("No bureaus higher than average")Bureaus Higher Than Average but Not Outliers:| % Unobligated 2025 | 2018-2024 Avg (%) | Previous High (%) | Total resources ($B) | Z-Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bureau | |||||
| Department of Agriculture | Natural Resources Conservation Service | 25.4 | 8.1 | 12.4 | 0.2 | 2.57 |
| Department of Energy | Departmental Administration | 21.8 | 18.3 | 32.0 | 0.1 | 2.14 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality | 21.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.10 |
| Department of Housing and Urban Development | Community Planning and Development | 20.1 | 3.0 | 8.0 | 0.4 | 1.94 |
| General Services Administration | General Activities | 14.1 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 1.23 |
| International Assistance Programs | United States International Development Finance Corporation | 14.0 | 6.6* | 16.2* | 0.2 | 1.22 |
| International Assistance Programs | International Security Assistance | 12.9 | 1.2* | 3.2* | 16.2 | 1.09 |
| U.S. Agency for Global Media | U.S. Agency for Global Media | 12.8 | 0.2* | 0.5* | 0.8 | 1.08 |
| National Science Foundation | National Science Foundation | 12.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.06 |
| Department of Transportation | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration | 12.5 | 8.5 | 53.8 | 0.2 | 1.04 |
Account Level
Outliers:
if len(account_outliers) > 0:
print("Accounts with Outlier High Unobligated Spending:")
display(account_outliers)
else:
print("No outliers at account level")Accounts with Outlier High Unobligated Spending:| % Unobligated 2025 | 2018-2024 Avg (%) | Previous High (%) | Total resources ($B) | Z-Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Account | |||||
| Department of State | International Organizations and Conferences | Contributions for International Peacekeeping Activities | 100.0 | 5.0 | 31.0 | 0.4 | 6.47 |
| Commodity Futures Trading Commission | Commodity Futures Trading Commission | Expenses, Customer Protection Fund | 100.0 | N/A | N/A | 0.0 | 6.47 |
| Department of the Treasury | Departmental Offices | Coronavirus Relief Fund | 99.5 | 0.0* | 0.0* | 0.1 | 6.44 |
| Department of Transportation | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration | Supplemental Highway Traffic Safety Programs | 99.5 | N/A | N/A | 0.0 | 6.44 |
| Department of Veterans Affairs | Departmental Administration | Construction, Major Projects | 95.5 | 13.3 | 64.1 | 0.3 | 6.17 |
| Department of State | Other | Democracy Fund | 92.7 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 5.97 |
| General Services Administration | General Activities | Expenses, Presidential Transition | 85.6 | 4.0* | 4.0* | 0.0 | 5.48 |
| International Assistance Programs | Agency for International Development | Development Assistance | 80.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 5.15 |
| International Assistance Programs | International Security Assistance | Peacekeeping Operations | 75.6 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 4.80 |
| Department of Commerce | Minority Business Development Agency | Minority Business Development | 67.6 | 4.3 | 18.1 | 0.1 | 4.26 |
| Department of Defense-Military | Procurement | Procurement of Ammunition, Navy and Marine Corps | 63.6 | 12.1 | 29.7 | 0.1 | 3.98 |
| Department of Defense-Military | Military Construction | Military Construction, Defense-wide | 57.7 | 40.3 | 70.5 | 0.4 | 3.57 |
| Department of Labor | Employment and Training Administration | Federal Unemployment Benefits and Allowances | 55.0 | 27.4 | 80.8 | 0.0 | 3.39 |
Higher Than Average (not outliers):
if len(account_notable) > 0:
print("Accounts Higher Than Average but Not Outliers:")
display(account_notable)
else:
print("No accounts higher than average")Accounts Higher Than Average but Not Outliers:| % Unobligated 2025 | 2018-2024 Avg (%) | Previous High (%) | Total resources ($B) | Z-Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Account | |||||
| Department of Defense-Military | Procurement | Procurement, Space Force | 50.4 | 31.6* | 39.3* | 0.3 | 3.07 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services | Quality Improvement Organizations | 45.8 | 16.7 | 32.6 | 1.9 | 2.76 |
| Executive Office of the President | Office of the National Cyber Director | Salaries and Expenses | 42.9 | 16.5* | 39.0* | 0.0 | 2.56 |
| Department of State | International Organizations and Conferences | Contributions to International Organizations | 40.7 | 1.8 | 10.6 | 1.3 | 2.41 |
| International Assistance Programs | Trade and Development Agency | Trade and Development Agency | 40.7 | 10.6 | 27.7 | 0.0 | 2.41 |
| Department of Defense-Military | Procurement | Procurement, Marine Corps | 38.6 | 8.5 | 18.3 | 0.1 | 2.26 |
| National Science Foundation | National Science Foundation | Education and Human Resources | 36.5 | 12.1 | 19.6 | 0.2 | 2.12 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | Departmental Management | Defense production act medical supplies enhancement | 35.1 | N/A | N/A | 0.0 | 2.03 |
| Department of Justice | Legal Activities and U.S. Marshals | Salaries and Expenses, Community Relations Service | 31.7 | 8.3 | 13.5 | 0.0 | 1.79 |
| General Services Administration | Supply and Technology Activities | Expenses of Transportation Audit Contracts and Contract Administ | 30.2 | 23.0 | 44.2 | 0.0 | 1.69 |